Surface forms of organic soils in Atlantic Canada

Domed bog

A domed bog is a raised, rain‑fed peatland where slow accumulation of organic matter forms a convex surface.

Flat bog

A low‑relief peatland with a level surface, where waterlogged, nutrient‑poor conditions promote the slow accumulation of organic matter and the dominance of sphagnum mosses and other bog vegetation.

Horizontal fen

A horizontal fen formed where mineral‑rich groundwater flows evenly across a broad, gently sloping surface, creating a continuously saturated wetland carpeted by sedges, mosses, and low shrubs.

Northern ribbed fen

A patterned, groundwater‑fed peatland characterized by alternating ridges and wet hollows arranged perpendicular to slope, reflecting strong water flow control on vegetation and peat accumulation in cold northern climates.

Slope Bog

A gently sloping peatland sustained by a combination of rainfall and slow lateral water movement, resulting in waterlogged, acidic organic soils and bog vegetation developed downslope.

Stream marsh

A stream marsh formed along a slow‑flowing stream where frequent flooding creates shallow, sunlit wetlands dominated by cattails, sedges, rushes, and other emergent aquatic plants.